PCOS / PCOD

Overview

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Polycystic Ovary Disease (PCOD) are common hormonal conditions affecting nearly 1 in 5 Indian women today. While the names are often used interchangeably, both involve an imbalance in reproductive hormones like estrogen and progesterone, often tied to insulin resistance. This imbalance can lead to small, fluid-filled sacs (cysts) developing in the ovaries, which may interfere with the regular release of eggs. In the Indian context, factors like sedentary urban lifestyles, changing dietary habits featuring more processed carbohydrates, and genetic predispositions make this a widespread concern for teenagers and adults alike. Left unmanaged, PCOS can lead to long-term health issues such as Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and challenges with fertility. However, with the right medical guidance from the experts at Sanjeevi Hospital, Sangareddy, most women can manage their symptoms effectively, improve their quality of life, and achieve their health goals through a combination of lifestyle changes, nutrition, and targeted medical therapies.

Symptoms to watch for

• Irregular periods or cycles that are consistently longer than 35 days
• Heavy menstrual bleeding that lasts longer than usual
• Excess facial and body hair (hirsutism) especially on the chin and chest
• Persistent adult acne or oily skin that doesn't respond to standard treatments
• Unexplained weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, and difficulty losing it
• Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp, similar to male-pattern baldness
• Darkening of the skin (acanthosis nigricans) around the neck, groin, and underarms
• Frequent mood swings, anxiety, or feelings of low energy and fatigue
• Difficulty in conceiving or tracking ovulation due to irregular cycles

Causes & risk factors

• Insulin resistance, where the body's cells don't respond normally to insulin, raising blood sugar levels
• Excess production of androgen (male hormones) which prevents the ovaries from releasing eggs
• Low-grade inflammation in the body that stimulates polycystic ovaries to produce androgens
• Hereditary factors, as PCOS often runs in families among sisters or mothers and daughters
• Lifestyle factors including a high-calorie diet rich in refined sugar and lack of physical activity
• Environmental stressors and disrupted sleep patterns that affect hormonal balance
• Rapid weight gain which can worsen hormonal imbalances and insulin sensitivity
• Early onset of menstruation (menarche) in some cases, though the link is still being studied

Diagnosis

• Detailed medical history and menstrual cycle review with a gynecologist
• Physical examination to check for signs like excess hair growth and skin changes
• Pelvic Ultrasound (USG) to check the appearance of the ovaries and thickness of the uterine lining
• Blood tests to measure hormone levels, including testosterone, LH, and FSH
• Glucose tolerance test to check how your body processes sugar and identify insulin resistance
• Lipid profile to monitor cholesterol and triglyceride levels which can be affected by PCOS
• Screening for thyroid dysfunction or prolactin issues that can mimic PCOS symptoms

Treatment options

Prevention & self-care

• Maintain a consistent exercise routine, aiming for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity daily
• Choose whole grains and high-fiber foods over processed 'maida' or white sugar products
• Incorporate traditional Indian spices like cinnamon and turmeric which may support metabolic health
• Keep a track of your menstrual cycle using a calendar or app to detect irregularities early
• Focus on adequate sleep, aiming for 7-8 hours per night to help regulate stress hormones
• Manage stress through yoga, meditation, or spending time in nature to lower cortisol levels
• Limit the intake of sugary beverages and sodas, opting for water, buttermilk, or coconut water
• Regular health check-ups at Sanjeevi Hospital to monitor blood sugar and hormonal health